¿MAERÄPA OÑEMBOEPIKATA ARA OMOMGIAVAERETAPE?
ARAKIA ANI ARAMBAERASIRETA MBAETIKO GUÏRAMOIÑO OYEKUA. OUKO ARA OVÄE ÑANDEVE ÑAMBOEPIKA VAERÄ JEKOVAERETAPE
Oasama mbite poparasa rupi mbaaporendaguasureta arakavi guïrokomegüavaereta jetague rupiko korepoti oipisi, kuaereta jaeko, itane guïnoevae jare maetïguasu oyapovae, kuae retako jetague rupi oipisi korepoti tëtareta jeere, erëiko mbaetietei oyaporeta mbaekavi tëtareta peguarä, jare mbaaeti oipöano arambaerasi. Joköraiñovi kuae itanekirau guïnoevaeretako jekuae omombaerasi arareta, jare oñono ñemboavai oyeapo vaerä mbaraviki arakavi oiko vaerä. Ïma arasa rupima tëtaiyaetereta jekuae oyapo yogueru mbaravikireta aguiye vaerä arareta oikömegua, erëiko kuae mbaravikireta añetete oyeapo vaerä oipotako ñembori korepoti rupi. Yaiporu Mbaaporendaguasuretape tomboepi, echa jaeretako jeite arareta omongia ñoguïnoi.
¿MBAEPA JEMBIAPO MBAAPORENDAGUASURETA OMOMGIAVAE ARARETA?
Kuaereta jekopeguako añave ara jakuyaema: Ara jaku jare ikia oiko vaerä, mbaaporendaguasuretako jeko. Kuaepe yaechaka mbovi ñemojanga itanekirau inoeareta:
20 itanekirau iyapoaretako oime, oasako 27% tatatïnaguasu oyapovaereta, kuaeko oñemoai opaete kerurupi, javoi jekuae omongia ara, kuae aramongia oñemboipiko 1854pema jare 2010pe, erëi 100 retako ani ramo 70% rupiko ñoguïnoi jokuae jekoetevaereta jare omongiayae aravae. [1]
Kuae 20 ñoguïnoivaeko jeko, mbae pïchii, mbaerasi, arakia, iviaku yaiporara añavevaere jaeretako ñamboekota. [2]
Mboavaireta oñonovae rupiko oyopiareta aguiye vaerä oyeapo mbae jupivae oyepi vaerä arakavi: Kuae mboaavaireta jeko peguako oiporara ñoguïnoi jare jekuae oiporarata yoguireko tëtareta, echako tatatïnaguasu jekuae guirave oñemoai mbaaperendaguasureta jekopegua, jaeretako jetague rupi oipisi korepoti aguiye vaerä oyeapo mbaraviki arakavi oepivae, jaeretako oñomi mbaepïchïireta mbaeti vaerä yaikua jare yayapo ñemongeta jese. Mbaeti yave mbaeavaireta oiko, tëtareta ipuereko arakae guivema oyapo mbaraviki ikavigue oepi jare oipöano vaerä ara, javoi yoguireko piaguive jeko rupi.
¿MBAAPORENDAGUASURETA JEKUAE OÑONO MBOAVAI AGUIYE VAERÄ OYEAPO MBOROKUAIRETA ARA OYEPIVAE?
¡Joköraiko! Jekuae guiraveko mboavaireta oiko aguiye vaerä oyeapo mbaraviki oepi aravae.
InfluenceMap ñemongeta oechakavae rupi, pandepoko oï itanekirau guïnoevaereta, kuaereta tuichaguevaeko (Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, Checron, BP jare Total S.A.) kuaereta jetagueko omokañiitëi korepoti, oasamako eta etata rupi korepoti omokañiitëireta (US$ 1 moetata) mboapi arasapeño koräima omokañiitëireta, oyapo guire Ñemongeta tëtaguasu Parízpe, erëiko kuae ñemongetareta mbaetiko añetetegue, iyapukoreta arayepoepi regua. Kuae ñemongetareta omoeräkuako opaete ñemboati rupi tëta ñavo (tëta EE.UU.pe oyeapoko ndei oiko mbove yeparavo mburuvicha guasura 2018pe) jokoraiñovi ïru tëtaguasureta rupi mborokuaireta oyeapovae rupi. [3]
EE.UUpe, mbaaporendaguasureta itanekirau guïnoe jare oyapovae juvichareta oasamako pañandepopa etata omokañiitëi ani oiporureta korepoti (US$ 100 millones jaeko pañandepopa etata korepoti) jokoräiko omboepireta aguiye vaerä ñemongeta oyeapo jare oyekuatia arayepoepi regua, oiko yave yeparavo tëtaruvichara 2018pe – Jokoräi rambueve Exxon omoeräkua, jae omeetako “ñembori” oñemboepi vaerä arakia regua (erëiko kuae mbaetiko añetete, iyapuiñoko). [4] [5]
Opaete Tëtaguasureta rupi, oimeko oï ïru tuichague Mbaaporendaguasureta ara omongia jare omombaerasivae, kuaereta jaeko Yara, Syngenta jare Monsanto, kuaeretako oñono mboavai aguiye vaerä oyekuatia mborokuaireta arayepoepi regua jare oyepi vaerä tëtatireta oï tëta tuichague rupivae. [6] [7]
¿MBAEPA OIPOTA JEI JEMBIAPO TEKOUPI RUPI?
Jembiapo tekoupi rupi oipotako jei opaete mborokuaireta oyekuatia oï rami kaviko oñemboepikata mbaaporendaguasuretape arayepoepi jare arambaerasire; echako jaereta mboavai oñono jeko pegua jekuae oiko arayepoepi.
Kuae oasamako oï. Ñemboe oyeapo mbaaporendaguasureta itanekirau guïnoevae regua yave oyechako jaeretako Jeko opaete tëtaguasureta rupi.
¿MBAENUNGA YEAPOKATUPA JAE JUPIVAE JARE KIARETAPE OÑEMBOEPITA MBAAPORENDAGUASURETA OMBOEPI YAVE ARAYEPOEPI REGUA?
Yeapokatu jupivae arayepoepi regua tëtaiyaetereta ipopeko oï, jaeretako arakae guivema oyapokavi tekoreta arayepoepi rupi oyekuavae, echa jaeretako oiporarayae yoguireko arayepoepi jeko pegua. Jetako oyekuatia yeapokatu jupivae oyeapovae regua.Tëtaiyaetereta oiporu ramiko oyekuatia oï Tekoupi Arayepoepi reguape; añeteteko ñemongetareta oyekuatia oïvae, echa tëta retako ipoki guiroata jëta jare jaeretako arakua iya jëtape.
Kuaepe oyechaka amogue ñemojaanga: Yepoepi jupi jare oyovake oyeapo yave opaetevaeko oyovake oyekouta mbaeyekouretare; okueraye yave kaa rupi mbae ñemoñarendareta yave tatapïrenda oyekuayetavi; javoi aguiye vaerä jekuaeño oñemongia ara oyeporutako mbaepoki, mbaepiau jare tembiporu tëta reta oyapo jare oiporuvae.
Jokoräiñovi, mbaaporendaguasureta jeko ñoguïnoivae ipuereko omboepi imambae pegua tëtareta oiporara ñoguïnoivaepe jare imaekañitei ñoguïnoivaepe, jaeretako oyapo mbae pïchiivae jare omongia ara oiko vaerä arayepoepi. Kuae mbaemboepireta tëtaretapevae opita viteri oï taikue, erëi oñemboepi chupe reta yave oyovake rupi kaviko omee retata oyoupe.
JAYAVE, MBAAPORENDAGUASU OMONGIA ARAVAERE, OMBOEPI ARAYEPOEPI REGUA YAVE JARE OMBOEPIVI OYEAPO VAERÄ MBAE JUPIVAE ARAKAVI OIKO VAERÄ YAVE ¿JEKUAEÑOPA OÑEMAEÑOTA JESERETA MBAEYEKOU OEKI, OAPI JARE OMONGIA ARA JEMBIAPORETA RUPI?
¡Ngarako! Mbaaporendaguasu ara omongiavaereta ombaemboepi guiño ngarako oñemaiño jesereta, echa jeieteko guïrokomegüa jare omongia arakavi. Tëtaretape oñemeetako arakia jare arayepoepi jepi jupi rupi, jayaveko oñemboekoviayeta chupereta ñemboete jare ngarama oikoreta ñuvangata rami. Tembiaporeta oyeapovae rupi oimeko oï ñembori oñemomïräta vaerä jupi rupi tëtaiyareta oipota rami.
MBAAPORENDA OYAPO MBAERAPI KÄGUE VAE
¿MBAEPA MBAAPORENDARETA OIKUA ARAYEPOEPI REGUA? JARE ¿YERAE GUIVEPA?
Oime kuatiareta arasa ovapa guivema oikuatia marandueka oyapovaereta Exxon pegua, jaereta jeivoiko mbaaporenda juvicharetape, oyeapi käguereta ramo oimetako arayepoepi pïchïivae oiko [8] [9] [10] [11] – ndei mbove ñemongetareta oyeapo jare oñemoeräkua opaetevae rupi arayepoepi regua. Exxon ñoako jei. Shell, mokoipa pandepo arasamako oikuatëi oikotako iviaku guasu arayepoepi jeko pegua opaete iviapireta rupi. [12] [13]
JARE, ¿MBAEPA MBAAPORENDAGUASU OYAPO JOKUAE ÑEMOËRAKUA NDIVE?
Jekuae guiraveko jaereta oyapo mbaemee. Jetague rupiko oyekou reta korepotire, eta etata rupiko oipisi reta korepoti mbaerapi kägue jepi -köraiko, jeite iviaku oyeupi arayepoepi oiko ramo.
Jekuaeko oñonoreta mbaeavai tembikuaa arayepoepi reguape, echa jaereta oikua tëiko ñemongeta añetete oikovae – Taikue rupi marandueka oyeapo yave, mbaaporendaguasu mbaerapi kägue regua, eta etata korepotiko omee oñeomi vaerä jare aguiye vaerä jeräkua mbaepïchïi oiko arayepoepi jeko peguavae, joköraiñovi omboepireta mborokuai iyapoaretape aguiye vaerä oyekuatia mborokuaireta arayepoepi regua jare oyeapo mbaraviki jupivae, [14] [15] [16] omboepiretako Convención Marco Naciones Unidas arayepoepi peguape (ingléspe jaeko UNFCCC) jarevi organismos asociados jeevaepe. [17] [18].
JAYAVE ¿MBOVI KOREPOTIPA GUÏNOI MBAAPORENDA MBAERAPI KÄGUE IYAPOA?
2018pe, Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell Chevron, BP jare Total S.A.- oasako eta etata korepoti (US$ 1 Billón) omee, omboepi ramo aguiye vaerä oñemoeräkua jupi rupi ñeereta arayepoepi regua, kuae mbaemboepi oyeapo mboapi arasama oiko guire ñemboati jare ñemomiari tëta Paríspe- oupitiko 83,11 eta etata oipisireta korepoti jesegua. [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]
Erëiko, 2018pe pandepo tëtaguasureta okuakua ramo mbaeyekoureta rupi jare oiporara arayepoepi jeko pegua yoguirekovae (Mozambique, Etiopía, Filipinas, Fiji jare Bangladés) oipisiko 743,871 etata korepoti. [24]
¿MBAENUNGA TEMBIAPORETAPA OYEAPO OÑEMBOEPIKA VAERÄ MBAAPORENDA MBAERAPI KÄGUE IYAPOAPE?
Opaete tëtareta jeiko mbaaporenda mbaerapi kägue oyapovae ombaemboepi vaerä. Kuaepe oï amogue ñemojaanga:
Parlamento europeo oyapo marandueka Exxon oipota oporombotavivaere. [25]
Comisión derecho humano Filipina pegua omotimbo kerëiko mbaaporenda oñuvanga tëtaiyareta jekomboere oiko ramo arayepoepi. [26]
Tëtatireta ivipepe yoguirekovae (Grupos en los Países Bajos) oiporuko Shellpe oyapo vaerä ñemongeta oyeapovae tëta Paríspe [27]
Tëtareta jare Estado Norteamérica pegua oiporuko mborokuai jei rami oñemboepika mbaaporenda mbaerapi käguepe iporu guasu oiko vaere. [28]
Ipäu rai Vanuatu pegua jeiko omboepikata empresa transnacional retape ñemomburu oyaporeta ikoti ramo omokañitei vaerä iru tëtareta ipäu ivategue rupi yoguirekovae ipitegui, [29]
Aratinipe, Conferencia Alcalde reta E.E.U.U pegua oyapovaepe oikuatia retako tupapire Mbaaporendaguasu Aramongiareta koti omboeko vaerä jembiapore. Oyapo jare ombosiureta tupapire, yepetei Mbaaporendaguasu mbaeti oipota. [30]
Ñemboerendaguasu Yale, oyapo yave maranduguasu jare oñemoeräkua yave ñee, oyekuako jetavae EE.UU. peguareta jei ani oiporu ombaemboepi vaerä Mbaaporendaguasu Ara omongiavaereta. [31]
[1] Heede, Richard, “Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to fossil fuel and cement producers, 1854–2010.” Climatic Change (2014) 122: 229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0986-y
[2] Heede, Richard, “Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to fossil fuel and cement producers, 1854–2010.” Climatic Change (2014) 122: 229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0986-y
[3] “Big Oil’s Real Agenda on Climate Change.” Influence Map. March 2019. Accessed June 05, 2019. https://influencemap.org/report/How-Big-Oil-Continues-to-Oppose-the-Paris-Agreement-38212275958aa21196dae3b76220bddc.
[4] “Big Oil Kills Carbon Initiative in Washington State.” Rolling Stone, November 7, 2018. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/washington-state-carbon-initiative-vote-752961/
[5] “Big Oil is sloshing a crude tsunami across the country.” Bill McKibben, Washington Post, October 30, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/big-oil-is-sloshing-a-crude-tsunami-across-the-country/2018/10/30/f0830948-d895-11e8-83a2-d1c3da28d6b6_story.html
[6] “Yara: Poisoning our soils, burning our planet.” Corporate Europe Observatory, September 17, 2019. https://corporateeurope.org/en/2019/09/yara-poisoning-our-soils-burning-our-planet
[7] “Polluting Paris: How Big Polluters Are Undermining Global Climate Policy.” Corporate Accountability. https://www.corporateaccountability.org/resources/polluting-paris-big-polluters-undermining-global-climate-policy/.
[8] Banerjee, Neela, John H. Cushman, Jr., David Hasemyer, and Lisa Song. “CO2’s Role in Global Warming Has Been on the Oil Industry’s Radar Since the 1960s.” InsideClimate News. April 27, 2016. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13042016/climate-change-global-warming-oil-industry-radar-1960s-exxon-api-co2-fossil-fuels.
[9] Robinson, E., and R.C. Robbins. “Sources, Abundance, and Fate of Gaseous Atmospheric Pollutants.” Smoke & Fumes. 1968. https://www.smokeandfumes.org/documents/document16.
[10] “The Smoke and Fumes Committee.” Smoke & Fumes. https://www.smokeandfumes.org/fumes/moments/2.
[11] Schwartz, John. “Pressure on Exxon Over Climate Change Intensifies With New Documents.” The New York Times. April 14, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/14/science/pressure-on-exxon-over-climate-change-intensifies-with-new-documents.html
[12] Carrington, Damian. “’Shell Knew’: Oil Giant’s 1991 Film Warned of Climate Change Danger.” The Guardian. February 28, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/28/shell-knew-oil-giants-1991-film-warned-climate-change-danger.
[13] Small, Mike, and Chloe Farand. “What 30 Years of Documents Show Shell Knew About Climate Science.” DeSmog UK. May 18, 2018. https://www.desmog.co.uk/2018/05/17/shell-knew-charting-thirty-years-corporate-climate-denialism.
[14] Lawrence-Samuel, Tamar, Rachel Rose Jackson, and Nathan Thanki. “13. The Pivot Point: Realizing Sustainable Development Goals by Ending Corporate Capture of Climate Policy.” Spotlight on Sustainable Development. https://www.2030spotlight.org/en/book/1165/chapter/13-pivot-point-realizing-sustainable-development-goals-ending-corporate-capture.
[15] “Big Oil’s Real Agenda on Climate Change.” InfluenceMap. March 2019. https://influencemap.org/report/How-Big-Oil-Continues-to-Oppose-the-Paris-Agreement-38212275958aa21196dae3b76220bddc.
[16] “How Much Big Oil Spends on Obstructive Climate Lobbying.” InfluenceMap. April 2016. https://influencemap.org/site/data/000/173/Lobby_Spend_Report_March_2016.pdf
[17] “Polluting Paris: How Big Polluters Are Undermining Global Climate Policy.” Corporate Accountability. https://www.corporateaccountability.org/resources/polluting-paris-big-polluters-undermining-global-climate-policy/.
[18] “Inside Job: Big Polluters’ Lobbyists on the inside at the UNFCCC.” Corporate Accountability. https://www.corporateaccountability.org/resources/inside-job-big-polluters-lobbyists-in-the-inside-at-the-unfccc/.
[19] “2018 Annual Report.” Chevron Global. 2018. https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/annual-report/2018/documents/2018-Annual-Report.pdf.
[20] 2018 Summary Annual Report. Exxon Mobil. 2018. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/-/media/Global/Files/investor-relations/annual-meeting-materials/annual-report-summaries/2018-Summary-Annual-Report.pdf.
[21] BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2018. Report. 2018. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/investors/bp-annual-report-and-form-20f-2018.pdf.
[22] Shell Annual Report 2018. https://reports.shell.com/annual-report/2018.
[23] Fourth Quarter and Full-year 2018 Results. Report. 2018. https://www.total.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/4q18-results.pdf.
[24] “Report for Selected Countries and Subjects.” International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx
[25] Neslen, Arthur. “ExxonMobil Faces EU Parliament Ban after No Show at Climate Hearing.” The Guardian. March 22, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/exxonmobil-faces-eu-parliaments-ban-after-climate-hearing-no-show.
[26] Wang, Ucilia. “Philippines Human Rights Commission Begins Climate Hearings vs. Oil Giants.” Climate Liability News. March 27, 2018. https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/03/27/philippines-human-rights-climate-change/.
[27] The Summons of the Climate Case against Shell. Report. 2019. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/english-summary-of-legal-summons.pdf.
[28] Irfan, Umair. “Pay Attention to the Growing Wave of Climate Change Lawsuits.” Vox. April 10, 2019. https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/2/22/17140166/climate-change-lawsuit-exxon-juliana-liability-kids.
[29] Cox, Lisa. “Vanuatu Says It May Sue Fossil Fuel Companies and Other Countries over Climate Change.” The Guardian. November 22, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/22/vanuatu-says-it-may-sue-fossil-fuel-companies-and-other-countries-over-climate-change.
[30] “U.S. Mayors Pressure Congress on Carbon Pricing, Climate Lawsuits and a Green New Deal.” Inside Climate News, July 2, 2019. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02072019/mayors-vote-carbon-tax-green-new-deal-climate-change-fossil-fuel-lawsuits
[31] ”New Poll: Big Oil should pay the climate tab.” Grist, June 24, 2019. https://grist.org/beacon/new-poll-big-oil-should-pay-the-climate-tab/