¿KUNATSA Q’AÑUCHIRINAKAXA KUTIYAÑAPA?
PACHAMAMANA AYNACHT’AWIPAXA JANIWA SAYT’AYAÑJAMAKANTI JANIRAKIWA AKATJAMAXA UTJKITI. PACHAXIWA JUCHANINAKAXA ARSUPXAÑAPATAKI.
Phisqha tunka jila maranakawa jach’a kunaimani yänakana luririnakawa pachamamaru q’añuchawayapxi, kunjamatixa nayra uywanakana ch’iyara umanaka uraqita apsurinaka ukatxa ñanqha qullanakampi achu achuyirinakasa walja qullqinaka apkatasiwayapxi janiwa kunsa lurawayapkiti pacha mayjt’awiru saykatañataki, ukhamarakikiwa aka jach’a luririnakaxa qurpanaka uchawayapxi pachamamana arxataña irnaqawinakaru. Walja maranakawa ayllunakaxa ñanqha pacha mayjt’awimpi uñkatasitapxanwa jupanakaxa nayraruwa irpatawayapxi jaqi taypipimpi uka askichawinakaxa qullqi munapxi sartaskakiñataki. Mayipxtwa jach’a q’añuchirinakaxa kunjamatixa industria ch’iyaru umanak apnaqirinaka jucha uñt’asisaxa q’ala kutiyapxañapa ñanqhachawinakata.
¿KUNA LURAÑAMPIPXISA JACH’A Q’AÑUCHIRINAKAXA UKAMATA PACHARU AYNACHT’AYASINA?
Uñacht’ayiwa jach’a junt’uptawinaka: uñacht’ayiwa janq’u jursirinaka ukanakaxa juk’a empresas luraña utanakatakikiwa ukanakawa pacharu wali ñanqhacharaki sañani, uraqi manqhata ch’iyaru uma apsutanakxata:
Pä tunka ch’iyaru umamp irnaqirinakawa yatipxi sapa patakata pä tunka paqallqu jilanaka jiq’i makatawita akaxa 1854 marata 2010 mararu ukatxa patakawa yatipxaraki sapa patakata paqallqu tunkata.
Uka pachparuxa pä tunka ch’iyaru umampi irnaqirinakawa jiq’inaka jiltayarakispa uka pachparjama.
Pachamama askitaki amtawinakaru qurpa uchatanaka: jichhurunakana akata nayraru jach’a ñanqhachawinaka markarkanakaru aynacht’ayirinakaxa uka jach’a q’añuchirinakatjamaniwa jupanaka pachpasa k’umiqatapxarakiniwa waranqha waranqha ch’uxña qullqinaka irtawayapxatapata jach’a empresas laykunaka ukhamarusa jichhurunakanxa irtasispkakiwa ukampiwa pachamamaruxa aynacht’ayasipkaraki janiwa jasaki sartayapkiti aski amtawinakaruxa. Janiti jark’aña qurpanakaxa utjkaspana ukaxa markanakaxa jank’awa askichawinakapa thakhiñchayxaspana ukhamata lliphaptayxañataki pachana mayjt’awipa.
¿JACH’A Q’AÑUCHIRINAKAXA QURPANAKA UCHASIPKAKITI PACHARU YÄQAÑA AMTANAKA SARANTAÑAPATAKIXA?
¡Jisa! Amtawinakaru Qhipharayaña ukhamaraki qurpanakasa uchatakiskakiwa pacharu askichaña amtawinaka nayraru sarantañapatakixa.
InfluenceMap ukana qhanañchawiparjamaxa, jach’a empresas petroleras ukanakaxa phisqhaniwa ukanakasti akïrinakawa, (Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, Chevron, BP y Total S.A.) waranqha waranqha ch’uxña qullqinaka (US$1 billón) irtawayapxi “kimsa maranakata París amtataruwa k’ari yatiyawinakaxa qhanañchasiwayi” ch’ama tukutanakapaxa relaciones públicas uksaru ukatxa jach’a campañas lurawinakuxatawa (kunjamatixa janira chhijllawinaka purinkipana, irptawi chikatarujama khaisa EE.UU. markana 2018 marana) anqaxa markanakana kamachi uñakipirinakajama.
EE.UU. markanxa ch’iyara umana aljawinakaxa ukhamaraki irpirinakapasa waranqha waranqha ch’uxña qullqinaka irtawayapxi (US$100 millones) khaya 2018 chhijllawi pachanakana pachpa samana amtawinakaxa jani sartañapataki uka pachparakiwa Exxon uksaxa impuestos uksaruwa ch’amañchawayxi carbono uksa tuqita ( uka amtanakaxa industria uksata sartayatarakikiwa) (4) (5)
Uraqpachanwa jach’a q’añuchirinakaxa kunajamtixa Yara, Syngenta ukatxa Monsanto uksanakaxa qurpanaka uchawayapxi pacharu arxataña amtanakaxa jani phuqhasiñapataki.
¿KUNSA SAÑA MUNI “JUCHA PHUQHAWINAKAXA KAMACHIRJAMA”?
Uka phuqhawinaka kamachinakarjamaxa saña muniwa empresas utanakaru juchañchaña kamachinakxata pacharu yanqhachawinakatjama ukhamaraki qurpanaka uchapxatapata askichawa amtanakaru.
Akanakaxa uñjasxiwa. Mä yatxatawina industrias ch’iyara uma apsurinakaxa uraqpachana qhanstayxiwa kamachirjama juchanakxata.
¿KAUKNIRINAKASA SUMA ASKICHAWINAKAXA UKHAMARAKI JAQINA P’IQICHAÑA AMTANAKASA KAWKINRINAKATIXA CH’AMAÑCHATASPA JUCHAÑCHIRINAKHAMAXA JACH’A Q’AÑUCHIRINAKARUXA?
Askichawi jiqhatatanakaxa pacha mayjt’awiru askichayxañatakixa jupanaka pachpankaskiwa, jupanakaxaya jaya maranakatpachaxa ñanqhachata uñjasiwayapchixa pacha mayjt’awimpixa, askichaña yatiyawinakaxa markanakana mayiwiparjamawa sarantäsiwayi ukanakaxa sapa qamawirjamawa kunkanchäsiwayaraki, nayraru irptawinakaxa ukatxa uraqpachana markanakana yatiyawinakapa apthapisiwayi.
Yaqhipa askichawinakaxa akirinakawa: aski turkakipawinakaxa mä khuskhata yatiyawinaka yäqasina; achuwinakaxa jani uraqiri yanqhachasina; tecnología uñt’awinakampi markanakana yatiyawinakampi uñakipasina pacha majt’awinakata.
Yamakisa, jach’a luririnakaru juchañchañanakaxa ch’amañchañapawa uraqpachana markanakana amtawinakaparu jupanakawa jank’aka askichaña munapxaraki empresas luririnakana ñanqhachawinapata ukampixi pacha majyt’awiru puriyasina. Janïrawa añchhitkamaxa aka markanakaruxa uñt’atakiti.
UKHAMAXA, JACH’A EMPRESAS YÄNAKA LURIRI Q’AÑUCHIRINAKAXA PAYLLAPXCHIXAYA PACHARU USUNTAYAPXAÑAPATAKIXA UKATXA YANAPT’APXARAKCHIXAYA PACHARU ÑANQHACHIRINAKARU PHUQHAYAÑATAKIXA ¿PACHPATI LURATÄÑAPA ÑANQHA YÄNAKA APSUWINAKAMPI, PHICHHANTAWINAKAMPI UKHAMARAKI PACHARU ÑANQHACHIRI JURSURINAKAMPIXA?
¡Janiwa! Jach’a q’añuchirinakaru juchañchañaxa janiwa mä iyawa sawikaspati juk’ampi ñanqhachapxañapataki. Kutiyasiñaxa saña muniwa kamachinakarjama juchañchatapxañapataki ukatxa qullqi kutiyapxarakiñapawa yamakisa janiwa pacharaynacht’ayaña lurañanakapaxa sartayxapxañapakiti. Jupanakaru juchañchañampixa kutiyatäniwa jach’a qamasampi mayachasiñanaka.
Uraqi manqhata ch’iyara uma apsuwxanakata
¿KUNSA YATIRAKINXA INDUSTRIA JACH’A YÄNAKA LURIRINAKAXA PACHARU USUNTAYAÑATXA? UKATXA ¿KUNAPACHATSA YATIRAKINXA?
Laphinakana qillqatanaka utjiwa nayra maranakatpachaxa kaukhantixa jach’a yatxatatanakaxa Exxon uksankirixa sawayxiwa empresa irpirinakaru, ch’iyara uma phichhantawinakaxa pacharuxa wali aynacht’ayani sasina [8] [9] [10] [11] akaxa janïra amuykipatakipana políticos irpirinakampi ukhamaraki taqi chikañchasirinakampisa amtasiwayxi. Exxon uksaxa janiwa sapakikiti, Shell uksaxa yatxanwa pä tunka phishqha maranakatpachawa uka lurawinakaxa jani walt’awinaka apaniwxanakata. [12] [13]
¿INDUSTRIA UKSAXA KUNSA LURAWAYI UKA YATIYAWINAKAMPIXA?
Pachpa irnaqawinakapampixa sarantawayasipkakiwa, waranqha waranqha qullqinaka ch’umstawayapxaraki ch’iyara uma aljawinakampi ukhamatwa jupanaka pachapaxa amuyawayxapxiwa jutirinakanxa uraqinxa sinti junt’untawinaka utjawinakata.
Taqikuna lurawayapxi jani qhanstañapataki pachana usuntawipa, jupanakaxa yatxaphanwa chiqätapatxa. Tunka tunka khaya maranakanxa yatxtawinakanxa industria ch’iyara umatxa waranqha waranqha ch’uxña qullqinaka irtawayaraki pachana usuntawipata payachayañataki, k’ariwa sañataki, qurpa uchañataki pacharu yäqaña amtanaka qhipharayañataki [14] [15] [16] kunjamatixa Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas pacha mayjt’awinakxata (UNFCCC qhanaskiwa nayriri qillqanakapanxa) ukatxa uksaru mayachasita tamanaka [17] [18]
UKHAMAXA, ¿KAUQHA QULLQINISA INDUSTRIA CH’IYARA UMA IRNAQAYIRINAKAXA?
Pasiri 2018 maranxa Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, Chevron, BP y Total S.A uksanakaxa waranqha waranqha ch’uxña (US$1 Billón) qullqinaka irtawayi k’ari yatiyawinaka uñstayañataki aka k’arintawinakaxa pacha samanatanwa jupanakakiwa qullqinaka jiltasiwayapxi ukaxa niyapinixa purirakiwa 83,11 mil millones. ukkhanakaru [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]
Ukanaka uñjasaxa 2018 maranxa PIB uksaxa jakthapiwayiwa qullqi mantirita phisqha markanakata kauknirinakatixa wali aynacht’ata uñjasiwayapxi pacha mayjt’awinakata (Mozambique, Etiopía, Filipinas, Fiji y Bangladés) ukanaka 743,871 millones de dólares apthapiwayi.[24]
¿KAUKNIRINAKASA JUCHAÑCHAWINAKAX INDUSTRIA CH’IYAR UMA IRNAQAYIRINAKARU JUCHAÑCHAÑATAKIXA?
Uraqpachanwa mayachasiskaraki industria uksaru juchañchaña amtanakaru ch’iyara uma apnaqirinakaruxa, uksatxa akanakawa uñt’ayata:
Parlamento europeo yatxatarakiwa Exxon uksana markaru k’arintaña amtanakaru.
Derechos humanos khaisa Filipinas tuqinxa amuykipiwa industria uksana jucha uñt’asiwinakpxata derechos humanos takichawinakata kunjamatixa uñjataki pacha mayjt’awinakana.
Países Bajos markanakana tamanakaxa arsusipxiwa Shell uksana jani phuqhawinakapata París markana amtawiparu.
Jisk’a jach’a markanakana mayiwinakapaxa Norteamérica markpachana amtapxiwa juchañchañata ch’iyara uma apnaqiri empresanakaru jupanakawa lamara qutana uma jilatatawinaka utjäwayapxi.
Quta taypina uraqi Vanuatu sutimpixa amtaskarakiwa juchanaka phuqhayañata empresas transnacionales tuqinakaru aynacht’ayasipkatapata quta taypina jakasiri markanakaru.
Julio phaxsinxa EE.UU. markana alcaldes irpirinakawa iyawa sawayapxi mä amtataru ukampixa juchañchasiñapataki jach’a q’añuchiri empresanakaxa kamachinakarjama jaya sapxañapataki.
Yale jach’a yatiqañ utana jakthapiwinakaxa junio phaxsinwa uñacht’ataraki kaukhantixa walja EE.UU. markachirinakaxa amtapxiwa juchanakaru jaya sapxañapa jach’a pacharu q’añuchirinakaxa.
[1] Heede, Richard, “Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to fossil fuel and cement producers, 1854–2010.” Climatic Change (2014) 122: 229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0986-y
[2] Heede, Richard, “Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to fossil fuel and cement producers, 1854–2010.” Climatic Change (2014) 122: 229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0986-y
[3] “Big Oil’s Real Agenda on Climate Change.” Influence Map. March 2019. Accessed June 05, 2019. https://influencemap.org/report/How-Big-Oil-Continues-to-Oppose-the-Paris-Agreement-38212275958aa21196dae3b76220bddc.
[4] “Big Oil Kills Carbon Initiative in Washington State.” Rolling Stone, November 7, 2018. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/washington-state-carbon-initiative-vote-752961/
[5] “Big Oil is sloshing a crude tsunami across the country.” Bill McKibben, Washington Post, October 30, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/big-oil-is-sloshing-a-crude-tsunami-across-the-country/2018/10/30/f0830948-d895-11e8-83a2-d1c3da28d6b6_story.html
[6] “Yara: Poisoning our soils, burning our planet.” Corporate Europe Observatory, September 17, 2019. https://corporateeurope.org/en/2019/09/yara-poisoning-our-soils-burning-our-planet
[7] “Polluting Paris: How Big Polluters Are Undermining Global Climate Policy.” Corporate Accountability. https://www.corporateaccountability.org/resources/polluting-paris-big-polluters-undermining-global-climate-policy/.
[8] Banerjee, Neela, John H. Cushman, Jr., David Hasemyer, and Lisa Song. “CO2’s Role in Global Warming Has Been on the Oil Industry’s Radar Since the 1960s.” InsideClimate News. April 27, 2016. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13042016/climate-change-global-warming-oil-industry-radar-1960s-exxon-api-co2-fossil-fuels.
[9] Robinson, E., and R.C. Robbins. “Sources, Abundance, and Fate of Gaseous Atmospheric Pollutants.” Smoke & Fumes. 1968. https://www.smokeandfumes.org/documents/document16.
[10] “The Smoke and Fumes Committee.” Smoke & Fumes. https://www.smokeandfumes.org/fumes/moments/2.
[11] Schwartz, John. “Pressure on Exxon Over Climate Change Intensifies With New Documents.” The New York Times. April 14, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/14/science/pressure-on-exxon-over-climate-change-intensifies-with-new-documents.html
[12] Carrington, Damian. “’Shell Knew’: Oil Giant’s 1991 Film Warned of Climate Change Danger.” The Guardian. February 28, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/28/shell-knew-oil-giants-1991-film-warned-climate-change-danger.
[13] Small, Mike, and Chloe Farand. “What 30 Years of Documents Show Shell Knew About Climate Science.” DeSmog UK. May 18, 2018. https://www.desmog.co.uk/2018/05/17/shell-knew-charting-thirty-years-corporate-climate-denialism.
[14] Lawrence-Samuel, Tamar, Rachel Rose Jackson, and Nathan Thanki. “13. The Pivot Point: Realizing Sustainable Development Goals by Ending Corporate Capture of Climate Policy.” Spotlight on Sustainable Development. https://www.2030spotlight.org/en/book/1165/chapter/13-pivot-point-realizing-sustainable-development-goals-ending-corporate-capture.
[15] “Big Oil’s Real Agenda on Climate Change.” InfluenceMap. March 2019. https://influencemap.org/report/How-Big-Oil-Continues-to-Oppose-the-Paris-Agreement-38212275958aa21196dae3b76220bddc.
[16] “How Much Big Oil Spends on Obstructive Climate Lobbying.” InfluenceMap. April 2016. https://influencemap.org/site/data/000/173/Lobby_Spend_Report_March_2016.pdf
[17] “Polluting Paris: How Big Polluters Are Undermining Global Climate Policy.” Corporate Accountability. https://www.corporateaccountability.org/resources/polluting-paris-big-polluters-undermining-global-climate-policy/.
[18] “Inside Job: Big Polluters’ Lobbyists on the inside at the UNFCCC.” Corporate Accountability. https://www.corporateaccountability.org/resources/inside-job-big-polluters-lobbyists-in-the-inside-at-the-unfccc/.
[19] “2018 Annual Report.” Chevron Global. 2018. https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/annual-report/2018/documents/2018-Annual-Report.pdf.
[20] 2018 Summary Annual Report. Exxon Mobil. 2018. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/-/media/Global/Files/investor-relations/annual-meeting-materials/annual-report-summaries/2018-Summary-Annual-Report.pdf.
[21] BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2018. Report. 2018. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/investors/bp-annual-report-and-form-20f-2018.pdf.
[22] Shell Annual Report 2018. https://reports.shell.com/annual-report/2018.
[23] Fourth Quarter and Full-year 2018 Results. Report. 2018. https://www.total.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/4q18-results.pdf.
[24] “Report for Selected Countries and Subjects.” International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx
[25] Neslen, Arthur. “ExxonMobil Faces EU Parliament Ban after No Show at Climate Hearing.” The Guardian. March 22, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/exxonmobil-faces-eu-parliaments-ban-after-climate-hearing-no-show.
[26] Wang, Ucilia. “Philippines Human Rights Commission Begins Climate Hearings vs. Oil Giants.” Climate Liability News. March 27, 2018. https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/03/27/philippines-human-rights-climate-change/.
[27] The Summons of the Climate Case against Shell. Report. 2019. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/english-summary-of-legal-summons.pdf.
[28] Irfan, Umair. “Pay Attention to the Growing Wave of Climate Change Lawsuits.” Vox. April 10, 2019. https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/2/22/17140166/climate-change-lawsuit-exxon-juliana-liability-kids.
[29] Cox, Lisa. “Vanuatu Says It May Sue Fossil Fuel Companies and Other Countries over Climate Change.” The Guardian. November 22, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/22/vanuatu-says-it-may-sue-fossil-fuel-companies-and-other-countries-over-climate-change.
[30] “U.S. Mayors Pressure Congress on Carbon Pricing, Climate Lawsuits and a Green New Deal.” Inside Climate News, July 2, 2019. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02072019/mayors-vote-carbon-tax-green-new-deal-climate-change-fossil-fuel-lawsuits
[31] ”New Poll: Big Oil should pay the climate tab.” Grist, June 24, 2019. https://grist.org/beacon/new-poll-big-oil-should-pay-the-climate-tab/